How to Write a Staccato Chord Progression • Music Theory from Dr. Dre "Still D.R.E." (feat. Snoop Dogg)

  How to Write aStaccato Chord Progression.    Download PDF Tutorialincludes MIDI + WAV file examples     Intro.  I was living in Los Angeles when Dr. Dre’s album “2001” was released. On the streets, it seemed like every car was blasting it. Every store I walked into was either playing a song from it, or if not, they would be before I walked out. I’ve never heard one album played so much, and for good reason: it’s a hip-hop masterpiece! The lead single from the album was “Still D.R.E.” (feat. Snoop Dogg), and in LA during November 1999, this was the one song you’d be guaranteed to hear absolutely everywhere! To this day, every time I hear that intro with those staccato chords, I’m instantly transported back there. Those chords have since become iconic, and for good reason too: they’re somehow rough and smooth at the same time! In this PDF you’ll learn the hacks Dre* used to make his unique progression. Also, in a genre where the emphasis is almost always on the drums and bass, the fact that “Still D.R.E.” put chords in the spotlight was also unique. Obviously there were lots of hip-hop songs that had chords before “Still D.R.E.”, however, their chords were almost always in the background. Hip-hop was, and still is, all about the drums and bass. But, “Still D.R.E.” is all about the chords. And a quarter of a century later, it still stands out in the genre. That’s mightily impressive! So, inspired by “Still D.R.E.”, here’s our 6-step method for writing a staccato chord progression that instantly stands out. But first… Tea! P.S. Cool story: If you watch the “Still D.R.E.” music video, at 2:35 there’s a tall dude dressed all in white with a black hat. That was the rapper in my old band :)   *There are other producers who co-wrote “Still D.R.E.”, but for brevity, we’re just saying Dre.     Step 1. Chords  Open your DAW, leave the time signature on 4|4, but change your tempo to 93 BPM. Next, create a two-bar loop on your chords track, with a 1/16 note grid. Just use a piano sound for now, then when you’re finished writing you can change the sound, if you want. But, staccato chords sound amazing on piano, so we kept it. “Still D.R.E.” is in the key of A minor (it’s tuned slightly off A, though). So, we’ll use A minor too, which is just all the white notes on the piano from A to A. A natural minor (notes) 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 A B C D E F G  A natural minor (chords) 1 2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 Am Bdim Cmaj Dm Em Fmaj Gmaj   The main feature of Dre’s chords are the staccato way that they’re played. If you’re new to that word, “staccato” just means “detached”. And in practical terms, staccato means you’re playing the note/chord as a really short note value, like a 1/32 note. Because the main characteristic of this progression is rhythmic, Dre only uses two chords. If he used more than that, the listener’s attention would be drawn away from the rhythm to the melodic/harmonic side. We’ll do this example like Dre’s, with only two chords, but if you’re into a different genre where more chords would be better, you can choose four chords and follow the same method. There is one BIG problem with only using two chords, though. If you choose the same two that Dre used, you’ll be getting a scary letter from his legal team. We certainly don’t want that letter, and we don’t want you to get it either, so let’s all avoid using Am and Em. It’s essential to start on Am, as the root chord anchors the progression into the key. So, your choice for the second chord is: Cmaj, Dm, Fmaj, or Gmaj. You don’t wanna use Bdim either, as it’s dissonant. We chose Am and Dm. And we won’t send you a scary letter if you wanna use those chords, too! After you’ve chosen your two chords, draw them into your DAW with each chord lasting one full bar. Also, draw in the root note of each chord in the octave below.  Our two chords (roots highlighted), with their root notes below, i.e. in the bass    Step 2. Suspension  Here comes the first part of making this progression smooth. Dre uses a creative (and clever) hack here to not only make the chords sound like they’re melting into each other, but this hack also results in the progression sounding like it has three chords instead of two. You see, instead of going directly from Am to Em, Dre uses a sus chord in between, which acts as a transition between the two chords. If you’re new to sus chords, the “sus” means “suspended”. And the reason they’re called that is because the 3rd note is suspended (i.e. moved off the 3rd). The 3rd note is the magic note*, though, because it determines whether a chord is major or minor. *If you wanna learn all about the magic of the 3rd note, read Hacks 8 and 9 in our Free Book.  So, when you suspend the 3rd (i.e. move it down to the 2, or up to the 4), your chord is not major or minor, it’s neutral. The major or minor quality only occurs when (or if) you move the 2 or 4 to the 3. A sus2 chord is when you play the 2 instead of the 3 (i.e. 1, 2, 5). And a sus4 chord is when you play the 4 instead of the 3 (i.e. 1, 4, 5). Dre uses Esus4. Then he resolves the 4 (A) down to the ♭3 (G). The Esus4 is neutral. The chord quality only becomes minor after that resolution. Dre uses the Esus4 because its 4 is A, which is the root note of the first chord (Am). That way he continues playing the A through this chord change, which makes it sound like the Am is melting into the Em. So, when you choose whether to play a sus2 or sus4, make that decision based on the Am (i.e. A, C, E). In other words, you want to continue playing A, C or E through this chord change. You may already have a common note between your two chords (like Dre and we do), but Dre’s idea behind using a sus chord here is to create another common note. However, if you already had two common notes to start with (like Am and Cmaj), then you’ll actually lose one of your common notes when you create the sus chord. That’s not a problem. As long as there’s one common note, you’re good! But, before you start experimenting with a sus chord, slice your second chord on beat 2+. Now you can play around with moving its 3rd to the 2nd, or to the 4th. To read the rest of this tutorial, please buy the PDF. Supporting our work helps us to keep teaching. Thank you :)    Download PDF Tutorial     Lastly, are you new to music theory? Or are you experienced, but you want a refresher? Then download our FREE BOOK (link opens in new tab). It only takes 30 minutes to read, then you’ll have a solid theory foundation that you can instantly apply to your songwriting and producing. Enjoy!      Ray HarmonyMulti award-winning college lecturer