Episode 39 - Despair on the Danube

It's a double feature today as I cover the former imperial partners Austria and Hungary. Their mutual defeat in the Great War ruined both and left them at the tender mercies of both their former subjects and enemies. After initial bursts of social upheaval that so characterized the early 20s in Europe, the pair would settle politically into right-wing dominance, making them future playthings of the larger Fascistic powers later on.    Bibliography for this episode:  Berend, Ivan Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe Before World War II University of California Press 1998 Gerwarth, Robert The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End Farrar, Straus, and Giroux 2016 Hoensch, Jorg A History of Modern Hungary 1867-1994 Longman Group Ltd 1996 Bischof, Gunter, et al From Empire to Republic: Post-World War I Austria University of New Orleans Press 2010