History of Science & Technology Q&A (May 4, 2022)

Stephen Wolfram answers questions from his viewers about the history of science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa Questions include: Can you discuss the thinking process of the discovery of complex numbers, quaternions and octonions? - Can you go over the history of Grothendieck? What lead to the homotopy hypothesis? - Can you talk about the history of four-function calculators? - Could you tell us when cybersecurity was considered an important topic in computer science? - I bet one of the first major applications of cybersecurity was for the telephone system, which was essentially a giant computer that people started hacking to make free long-distance calls in the 1960s. - If nature is fundamentally computational, then what are the bugs in nature? - Can you talk about Steve Jobs's NeXTSTEP approach to software? Does it have an ongoing legacy? - In the Netherlands, if you dial #31# before the phone number, the other person won't see your phone number, so these things still exist. - So is evolution a bug or a feature?